์™•๋ณต์—”์ง„์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€, ๊ฐ€์†”๋ฆฐ ์—”์ง„๊ณผ ๋””์ ค ์—”์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผ์Šคํ†ค์˜ ์™•๋ณต์šด๋™์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ Shaft work์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค.

์ข…๋ฅ˜

  1. Spark-ignition (Gasolin)
  2. compression-ignition (Diesel)

๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

  • MEP (Mean Effective Pressure)
    • ํ”ผ์Šคํ†ค์ด ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ (kPa)
    • ์™•๋ณต์—”์ง„์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ™๋„๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
  • Compression Ratio
    • r = Vmax/Vmin
  • Actual : 4 stroke, open system
  • Ideal : 2 stroke, closed system
  • ISENTROPIC RELATION

OTTO Cycle

Ideal Cycle for Spark - ignition Engineโ€‹

  • Process : ๋“ฑ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ์ˆ˜์ถ• โ†’ ๋“ฑ์  Heat in โ†’ ๋“ฑ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ โ†’ ๋“ฑ์  Heat out
  • Efficiency : r (์••์ถ•๋น„) ์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜, ๋†’์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.
  • Problem : ์••์ถ•๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„ ๋•Œ ํšจ์œจ์ด ์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์—ฐ๋ฐœํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Diesel Cycle

Ideal Cycle for Compression - ignition Engine โ€‹

  • Difference : OTTO์—๋Š” ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์••์ถ•๋œ๋‹ค. Diesel์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋งŒ ์••์ถ•๋œ๋‹ค. โ€‹ _ ์ž์—ฐ๋ฐœํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐ โ€‹ _ ๋†’์€ ์••์ถ•๋น„์—์„œ ์šดํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ
  • Process : ๋“ฑ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ์ˆ˜์ถ• โ†’ ๋“ฑ์•• Heat in โ†’ ๋“ฑ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ โ†’ ๋“ฑ์  Heat out
  • Efficiency : r (์••์ถ•๋น„)์™€ rc(๋ถ€ํ”ผ๋น„) ์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜
  • Problem : ์งˆ์†Œ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ, r (์••์ถ•๋น„) ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ OTTO๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค.