๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ•™์ ์ธ joint ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํŠน์ง• ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด ์ œ์•ฝ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Ground

2์ฐจ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋„๋Š” 3์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ํŠน์ • ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์žก๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,

์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Revolute joint

ํŠน์ • ํฌ์ธํŠธ์— Revolute joint๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํšŒ์ „๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‘ body ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ revolute joint๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Global coordinate ์—์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ body 1์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” revolute joint์˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์™€ body 2์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” revolute joint์˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Prismatic joint

Prismatic joint๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ณ‘์ง„์šด๋™๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” joint์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์‹์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋‘ body ์‚ฌ์ด์— prismatic joint๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, global coordinate์—์„œ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ์ •์˜๋œ ๋‘ body coordinate ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ๋„๋Š” constant ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ prismatic ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‘ ๋ฐ”๋”” ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ง์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์™€ ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ body์˜ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ 0์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

Moblility Criteria

์—ญํ•™ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”, ๊ณ„์˜ ์ž์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

2D ์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

3D ์—์„œ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

Driving Constraint

์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋„๊ฐ€ 0 ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ œ์•ฝ์‹์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์œ ๋„๊ฐ€ 0์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ •์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ œ์•ฝ์‹์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ์—ฐ๋ฆฝ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ œ์•ฝ์‹์„ Driving Constraint ๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ์ œ

DOF ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ

BODY

  1. Ground
  2. bar1
  3. bar2

3 x 3 = 9

Constraint

  1. Ground : 3
  2. Revoulte joint 1 : 2
  3. Revolute joint 2 : 2

3 + 2 + 2 = 7

Result

System DOF = 9 - 7 = 2

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” theta2, theta3 ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ž์œ ๋กญ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ์š”์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Driving Constraint ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์œ„ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ,

O๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ ๊ฐ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์ด๋‹ค.

์ œ์•ฝ์‹ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ

๊ฐ constraint condition ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์‹์€, system body์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” coordinate ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

\\overset{\rightarrow}{q};=; \\begin{bmatrix} \[R_x^1& R_y^1 & \theta^1\] & \[R_x^2& R_y^2 & \theta^2\] & \[R_x^3 & R_y^3 & \theta^3\] \\end{bmatrix}^T \\ ;\\ ;=; \\begin{bmatrix} q_1& q_2& q_3& q_4& q_5& q_6& q_7& q_8& q_9 \\end{bmatrix}^T

์ด 9๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ , ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ C_1, C_2.. ์Šค์นผ๋ผ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด 9๊ฐœ์˜ ์Šค์นผ๋ผ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ฒกํ„ฐํ•จ์ˆ˜ C๋Š”,

์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์Šค์นผ๋ผ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š”, ์‚ผ๊ฐํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๊ธฐ ์ผ์‘ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Non-linear ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ € ํ–‰๋ ฌ์‹์„ ํ‘ธ๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

To solve nonlinear function

  1. Bisection method
  2. Golden Section method
  3. Newton-Raphson method
  4. secant method

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ Newton-Rahpson Method๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ๋‹ค.